{"id":10751,"date":"2023-12-07T09:38:08","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T06:38:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aviation-news.info\/?p=10751"},"modified":"2023-12-07T09:38:08","modified_gmt":"2023-12-07T06:38:08","slug":"tips-for-flying-in-the-winter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aviation-news.info\/?p=10751","title":{"rendered":"Tips for flying in the winter"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Air aviation news &#8211; By JOHN MAHANY<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Learning to fly in the Chicago area, I was exposed to cold weather flying from the start.<\/p>\n<p>And many years later, when I was living in Kenai, in south central Alaska, I learned more about cold weather flying. We\u2019re talking seriously cold, -40\u00b0F cold, and below. Bone-chilling cold!<\/p>\n<p>With winter and cold weather upon us (at least in the northern half of the country), there are several things to consider about flying safely in these conditions.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dress Warmly<\/h2>\n<p>Believe it or not, some pilots don\u2019t dress properly for cold weather. Or they don\u2019t anticipate a possible forced landing and they aren\u2019t dressed for that.<\/p>\n<p>Few things are worse than frozen fingers or toes.<\/p>\n<p>As a pilot flying in Alaska, I learned about Bunny Boots, designed for the military, for survival in really cold weather. They are white (hence the name Bunny?) and keep your feet remarkably warm when it is well below zero.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-7085978 entered lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/generalaviationnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bunny_boots_by-Alaska-Jack-viaWikipedia.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"951\" data-lazy-src=\"https:\/\/generalaviationnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bunny_boots_by-Alaska-Jack-viaWikipedia.jpeg\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Bunny Boots. (Photo by Alaska Jack via Wikipedia)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>I recommend dressing in layers, so you can shed layers as you warm up.<\/p>\n<p>Also, a cold pilot tends to rush through the preflight to get the airplane started \u2014 and that\u2019s a problem.<\/p>\n<p><center><\/p>\n<div id=\"avp_zid_34_or_33_1\"><\/div>\n<p><\/center>When things get cold, they don\u2019t always function properly, so you have to allow more time for the preflight. And in cold or sub-zero temperatures, this is a challenge.<\/p>\n<p>If you are lucky enough to keep your airplane in a hangar, that keeps it out of the wind and the elements and makes the preflight easier. There is no snow or ice on the airframe and it will be warmer. Better yet if you have a heated hangar to preflight in. But many don\u2019t have that. I have never had that.<\/p>\n<p>Some aircraft owners also have a preheater for their engine, which keeps the oil warm. That\u2019s really helps on those cold mornings.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-7085980 entered lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/generalaviationnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/IceOnWings.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"803\" data-lazy-src=\"https:\/\/generalaviationnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/IceOnWings.jpeg\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">If freezing precipitation (snow, freezing fog, freezing rain, freezing drizzle, or ice pellets) can stick to your aircraft, and your aircraft is not certified for flight in known icing, you should delay departure. (Photo by NASA)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Cold Affects Everything<\/h2>\n<p>When it\u2019s below freezing, everything is affected: Engines, oil, components, tires, pilots, passengers, etc. You have to allow more time for the preflight.<\/p>\n<p>Build in time to remove the covers from wings and engines that keep snow and ice off or, if you don\u2019t have these covers, time to remove that snow and ice.<\/p>\n<p>Remember the rules that were adopted years ago, the result of an airline accident caused by airframe icing, in Roselawn, Indiana, known as the \u201cclean aircraft\u201d concept. This is spelled out in FAR 91.527, Operating in icing conditions, which states: \u201cNo person may take off an aircraft when frost, ice, or snow is adhering to the wings, control surfaces, propellers, engine inlets, or other critical surfaces of the aircraft.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><center><\/p>\n<div id=\"avp_zid_34_or_33_2\"><\/div>\n<p><\/center>This can take time to remove. You get the idea.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-7085979 entered lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/generalaviationnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/CleaningWing.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" data-lazy-src=\"https:\/\/generalaviationnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/CleaningWing.jpeg\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A mop can be used to apply deicing or anti-icing fluids. (Photo by NASA)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cold Starts<\/h2>\n<p>Cold piston engines don\u2019t like to start. And while turbine\/turboprop engines are much easier to start, nothing likes to start in cold weather.<\/p>\n<p>So make sure you follow the cold weather starting procedure for the airplane you are flying. It will be spelled out in the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) or Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).<\/p>\n<p>And be aware that if your airplane\u2019s battery is weak, it will be harder to start \u2014 and you may only have one attempt before you have a dead battery.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">30 Seconds<\/h2>\n<p>Did you know that most of the damage is done to piston engines in the 30 seconds AFTER a cold start.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s because it takes time for the cold oil to circulate through the frozen engine block and you have metal-on-metal in the cylinders until the oil is circulating.<\/p>\n<p>If you don\u2019t see any rise in oil pressure 30 to 60 seconds after start, shut down the engine, per the checklist.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Warm Up<\/h2>\n<p>Once your aircraft\u2019s engine is started, allow time for it to warm up. There is nothing worse than trying to rush this process.<\/p>\n<p><center><\/p>\n<div id=\"avp_zid_34_or_33_3\"><\/div>\n<p><\/center>The most important thing is to watch the oil temperature gauge as the engine warms up. Ensure that it is warm enough before you add power to taxi, and warm enough again for the run-up.<\/p>\n<p>For the larger displacement piston engines, this is critically important.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Winter Runways<\/h2>\n<p>Runway conditions will depend on the airport where you keep your airplane. How is the snow removal? Many smaller airports have excellent snow removal equipment, equipping many smaller trucks with plows. But some do not.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-117662 entered lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/generalaviationnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/KPWK-Snow1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" data-lazy-src=\"https:\/\/generalaviationnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/KPWK-Snow1.jpg\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Airport crews remove snow during a 2018 storm at Chicago Executive Airport (KPWK). (Photo courtesy KPWK)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>See if the runways are cleared of snow. If they are not, check the performance section of your AFM\/POH and see what kind of a correction to add for snow-covered runways, sometimes referred to as either \u201ccontamination\u201d or \u201cclutter.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Generally, acceleration will be slower on a snow-covered runway, depending on snow depth, so a longer runway might be required.<\/p>\n<p>If you are flying from a larger airport that has airline flights, get familiar with \u201cSNOTAMS,\u201d which detail the condition of runways and taxiways when it snows.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Give me a brake<\/h2>\n<p>SNOTAMS also address braking action reports, which changed after a December 2005 accident when a Southwest Boeing 737 touched down too far down the runway at Chicago\u2019s Midway Airport (<a href=\"https:\/\/skyvector.com\/airport\/KMDW\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#skyvector\">KMDW<\/a>) during a winter snowstorm. It went off the end, striking three cars, resulting in one fatality, while trying to slow down.<\/p>\n<p><center><\/p>\n<div id=\"avp_zid_34_or_33_4\"><\/div>\n<p><\/center>That led the FAA to create a new table that describes braking action. It\u2019s called the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.faraim.org\/faa\/aim\/241\/aim-241.pdf\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.faraim.org\/faa\/aim\/241\/aim-241.pdf\">Runway Condition Assessment Matrix<\/a>\u00a0or RCAM for short.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aircraft Performance<\/h2>\n<p>On the bright side, aircraft performance will be much better in colder weather, of course, as colder air is denser. This will result in a shorter takeoff roll and a better climb, as the engine produces more power when the temperatures are colder.<\/p>\n<p>Landing performance will be affected as well, depending on the runway, and any snow that has accumulated, as well as any braking action reports.<\/p>\n<p>But remember, this is not the time to try for a \u201csmooth\u201d landing to impress your passengers.<\/p>\n<p>Instead, in these weather conditions, you want to touch down firmly on the runway, in the touchdown zone. Let the tires start to roll or spin up before carefully applying the brakes, so they don\u2019t lock up. This will also help you avoid any hydroplaning that may occur on a wet, icy runway.<\/p>\n<p>After you land and slow down, the tower may ask you for a braking action report after you clear the runway. This is critically important information for the aircraft following you. Please, tell it like it is, so the pilot landing after you knows what to expect.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-7085981 entered lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/generalaviationnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/FrostOnPlane.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"794\" data-lazy-src=\"https:\/\/generalaviationnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/FrostOnPlane.jpeg\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Expect frost to form on your aircraft if temperatures are cold enough and there is sufficient moisture. (Photo by NASA)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Learn More \u2014 For Free<\/h2>\n<p>If you\u2019d like to know more about safe flying in winter conditions, check out NASA\u2019s free online training, \u201cA Pilot\u2019s Guide To Inflight Icing.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>While the course is primarily intended for general aviation pilots who fly aircraft certified for flight in icing, much of the information is applicable to all pilots, according to NASA officials.<\/p>\n<p>And while its title says \u201cinflight icing,\u201d the course offers many tips and tricks for preflight, including a lot of information about checking the weather, ground operations, and what to do in emergency situations.<\/p>\n<p>You can find the free course at\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aircrafticing.grc.nasa.gov\/1_1_0_0.html\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/aircrafticing.grc.nasa.gov\/1_1_0_0.html\">AircraftIcing.GRC.NASA.gov<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Air aviation news &#8211; By JOHN MAHANY Learning to fly in the Chicago area, I was exposed to cold weather flying from the start. And many years later, when I was living in Kenai, in south central Alaska, I learned more about cold weather flying. We\u2019re talking seriously cold, -40\u00b0F cold, and below. Bone-chilling cold! &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10752,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":null,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"","_twitter_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type":"","_pinterest_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"","_medium_share_type":"","_threads_share_type":"","_google_business_share_type":"","_selected_social_profile":[],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":false,"datetime":null,"platforms":[],"status":"template_only","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[96,102],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10751","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aviation-world","category-featured-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tips for flying in the winter - aviation news<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aviation-news.info\/?p=10751\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tips for flying in the winter\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Air aviation news &#8211; By JOHN MAHANY Learning to fly in the Chicago area, I was exposed to cold weather flying from the start. 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And many years later, when I was living in Kenai, in south central Alaska, I learned more about cold weather flying. We\u2019re talking seriously cold, -40\u00b0F cold, and below. 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