{"id":7392,"date":"2023-07-17T11:22:56","date_gmt":"2023-07-17T11:22:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aviation-news.info\/?p=7392"},"modified":"2024-08-12T15:12:19","modified_gmt":"2024-08-12T12:12:19","slug":"carbon-free-flights-promised-within-two-years","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aviation-news.info\/?p=7392","title":{"rendered":"Carbon-free flights promised &#8216;within two years&#8217;"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\"><b class=\"ssrcss-hmf8ql-BoldText e5tfeyi3\">Aviation news international- An aviation company plans to run commercial flights using an electric engine that creates no carbon emissions by 2025.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">ZeroAvia has flown nine test flights with its hydrogen-electric engine at Cotswold Airport, near Cirencester.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">The only emission created by the engine is water.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">Sergey Kiselev, Vice-President of ZeroAvia, said the engine would help achieve &#8220;the decarbonisation of aviation&#8221;.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-xza2yt-ComponentWrapper ep2nwvo1\" data-component=\"image-block\">\n<figure class=\"ssrcss-4qvfmb-StyledFigure e34k3c23\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21\"><span class=\"ssrcss-1hq4gmv-Placeholder e16icw910\"><picture><source data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/482E\/production\/_130387481_36647665-a87a-4e1b-9251-1469c63b399b.jpg.webp 240w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/482E\/production\/_130387481_36647665-a87a-4e1b-9251-1469c63b399b.jpg.webp 320w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/482E\/production\/_130387481_36647665-a87a-4e1b-9251-1469c63b399b.jpg.webp 480w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/624\/cpsprodpb\/482E\/production\/_130387481_36647665-a87a-4e1b-9251-1469c63b399b.jpg.webp 624w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/482E\/production\/_130387481_36647665-a87a-4e1b-9251-1469c63b399b.jpg.webp 800w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/482E\/production\/_130387481_36647665-a87a-4e1b-9251-1469c63b399b.jpg.webp 976w\" type=\"image\/webp\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ssrcss-evoj7m-Image ee0ct7c0 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/482E\/production\/_130387481_36647665-a87a-4e1b-9251-1469c63b399b.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/482E\/production\/_130387481_36647665-a87a-4e1b-9251-1469c63b399b.jpg 240w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/482E\/production\/_130387481_36647665-a87a-4e1b-9251-1469c63b399b.jpg 320w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/482E\/production\/_130387481_36647665-a87a-4e1b-9251-1469c63b399b.jpg 480w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/624\/cpsprodpb\/482E\/production\/_130387481_36647665-a87a-4e1b-9251-1469c63b399b.jpg 624w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/482E\/production\/_130387481_36647665-a87a-4e1b-9251-1469c63b399b.jpg 800w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/482E\/production\/_130387481_36647665-a87a-4e1b-9251-1469c63b399b.jpg 976w\" alt=\"Plane with hydrogen engine\" width=\"976\" height=\"549\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 976px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 976\/549;\" \/><\/picture><\/span><\/div><figcaption class=\"ssrcss-1mget3o-StyledFigureCaption e34k3c22\"><span class=\"visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0\">Image caption,<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260\">The plane has already flown a number of test flights<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">Many other aerospace firms are developing engines that run on hydrogen, but most are not expecting to fly commercially until 2035. So how have they done it, and could it be possible to fly without causing climate change much sooner than people had thought?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-19w8cxh-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0\" data-component=\"subheadline-block\">\n<h2 id=\"How-does-it-work\" class=\"ssrcss-y2fd7s-StyledHeading e1fj1fc10\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span role=\"text\">How does it work?<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">The Gloucestershire-based company are moving much faster because they are not designing an entirely new aircraft.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"piano-inline1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">ZeroAvia is working on the Dornier 228, a conventional 19-seater plane that has two propellers, usually powered by kerosene.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">One of these has been replaced by an electric engine, and the electricity is generated on-board using a hydrogen fuel cell. For the testing period, the other engine remains fuelled by kerosene, in case of failure.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">But once the technology is proved, both engines will run on electricity from the hydrogen fuel cell.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">Only the new engine needs to pass safety tests, and the company is working with the Civil Aviation Authority to achieve certification.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-xza2yt-ComponentWrapper ep2nwvo1\" data-component=\"image-block\">\n<figure class=\"ssrcss-4qvfmb-StyledFigure e34k3c23\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21\"><span class=\"ssrcss-1hq4gmv-Placeholder e16icw910\"><picture><source data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/964E\/production\/_130387483_28609907-cea7-4172-9510-f7a94beb6a72.jpg.webp 240w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/964E\/production\/_130387483_28609907-cea7-4172-9510-f7a94beb6a72.jpg.webp 320w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/964E\/production\/_130387483_28609907-cea7-4172-9510-f7a94beb6a72.jpg.webp 480w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/624\/cpsprodpb\/964E\/production\/_130387483_28609907-cea7-4172-9510-f7a94beb6a72.jpg.webp 624w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/964E\/production\/_130387483_28609907-cea7-4172-9510-f7a94beb6a72.jpg.webp 800w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/964E\/production\/_130387483_28609907-cea7-4172-9510-f7a94beb6a72.jpg.webp 976w\" type=\"image\/webp\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ssrcss-evoj7m-Image ee0ct7c0 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/964E\/production\/_130387483_28609907-cea7-4172-9510-f7a94beb6a72.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/964E\/production\/_130387483_28609907-cea7-4172-9510-f7a94beb6a72.jpg 240w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/964E\/production\/_130387483_28609907-cea7-4172-9510-f7a94beb6a72.jpg 320w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/964E\/production\/_130387483_28609907-cea7-4172-9510-f7a94beb6a72.jpg 480w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/624\/cpsprodpb\/964E\/production\/_130387483_28609907-cea7-4172-9510-f7a94beb6a72.jpg 624w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/964E\/production\/_130387483_28609907-cea7-4172-9510-f7a94beb6a72.jpg 800w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/964E\/production\/_130387483_28609907-cea7-4172-9510-f7a94beb6a72.jpg 976w\" alt=\"test pilot Jon Killerby\" width=\"976\" height=\"549\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 976px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 976\/549;\" \/><\/picture><\/span><\/div><figcaption class=\"ssrcss-1mget3o-StyledFigureCaption e34k3c22\"><span class=\"visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0\">Image caption,<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260\">&#8220;It all worked smoothly on the first flight&#8221; said test pilot Jon Killerby<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">Test pilot Jon Killerby flew the aircraft and told me that once airborne, they have managed without the kerosene engine.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">&#8220;We can throttle right back on the conventional engine,&#8221; he said, &#8220;and fly purely on the hydrogen electric system, it generates enough thrust to fly the aircraft level.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"piano-inline2\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">&#8220;It really is amazing how well it works.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-19w8cxh-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0\" data-component=\"subheadline-block\">\n<h2 id=\"Is-it-really-green\" class=\"ssrcss-y2fd7s-StyledHeading e1fj1fc10\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span role=\"text\">Is it really &#8216;green&#8217;?<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">Hydrogen fuel cells are not new, and have been widely used in cars and trucks.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">They use a chemical process called &#8220;reverse hydrolysis&#8221; which combines hydrogen with oxygen and creates heat, water vapour and, crucially, electricity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">So the on-board engine creates no greenhouse gases.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">But what matters is where you get your hydrogen.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-xza2yt-ComponentWrapper ep2nwvo1\" data-component=\"image-block\">\n<figure class=\"ssrcss-4qvfmb-StyledFigure e34k3c23\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21\"><span class=\"ssrcss-1hq4gmv-Placeholder e16icw910\"><picture><source data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/1328E\/production\/_130387487_f1adb9ad-e48f-4fbc-aa04-c441f20bd04b.jpg.webp 240w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/1328E\/production\/_130387487_f1adb9ad-e48f-4fbc-aa04-c441f20bd04b.jpg.webp 320w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/1328E\/production\/_130387487_f1adb9ad-e48f-4fbc-aa04-c441f20bd04b.jpg.webp 480w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/624\/cpsprodpb\/1328E\/production\/_130387487_f1adb9ad-e48f-4fbc-aa04-c441f20bd04b.jpg.webp 624w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/1328E\/production\/_130387487_f1adb9ad-e48f-4fbc-aa04-c441f20bd04b.jpg.webp 800w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/1328E\/production\/_130387487_f1adb9ad-e48f-4fbc-aa04-c441f20bd04b.jpg.webp 976w\" type=\"image\/webp\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ssrcss-evoj7m-Image ee0ct7c0 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/1328E\/production\/_130387487_f1adb9ad-e48f-4fbc-aa04-c441f20bd04b.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/1328E\/production\/_130387487_f1adb9ad-e48f-4fbc-aa04-c441f20bd04b.jpg 240w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/1328E\/production\/_130387487_f1adb9ad-e48f-4fbc-aa04-c441f20bd04b.jpg 320w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/1328E\/production\/_130387487_f1adb9ad-e48f-4fbc-aa04-c441f20bd04b.jpg 480w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/624\/cpsprodpb\/1328E\/production\/_130387487_f1adb9ad-e48f-4fbc-aa04-c441f20bd04b.jpg 624w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/1328E\/production\/_130387487_f1adb9ad-e48f-4fbc-aa04-c441f20bd04b.jpg 800w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/1328E\/production\/_130387487_f1adb9ad-e48f-4fbc-aa04-c441f20bd04b.jpg 976w\" alt=\"Prof Tim Mays\" width=\"976\" height=\"549\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 976px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 976\/549;\" \/><\/picture><\/span><\/div><figcaption class=\"ssrcss-1mget3o-StyledFigureCaption e34k3c22\"><span class=\"visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0\">Image caption,<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260\">Prof Tim Mays has been studying hydrogen for thirty years<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">At Bath University, Prof Tim Mays has been studying hydrogen for thirty years. He runs the UK Hydrogen Research Hub which has just been\u00a0<a class=\"ssrcss-k17ofw-InlineLink e1no5rhv0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bath.ac.uk\/announcements\/hydrogen-research-hub-awarded-11-million-to-help-uk-reach-net-zero-targets\/\">awarded \u00a311m<\/a>\u00a0to explore how hydrogen can help combat climate change.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"piano-inline3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">He explained: &#8220;At the moment people make it by treating natural gas with steam, which is about as unsustainable as it gets.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">But it is also possible to use electrolysis to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, using renewable electricity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">&#8220;That makes green hydrogen, which is what the aviation industry needs,&#8221; said Prof Mays.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">&#8220;It&#8217;s a really serious option, because we do need to replace kerosene.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-19w8cxh-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0\" data-component=\"subheadline-block\">\n<h2 id=\"How-big-how-far\" class=\"ssrcss-y2fd7s-StyledHeading e1fj1fc10\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span role=\"text\">How big, how far?<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">It is not a big plane.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">The Dornier 228 will carry about 12 passengers with the hydrogen engine on board.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">It can fly about 250-310 miles (400-500km), according to Chief Commercial Officer Sergey Kiselev.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">That would get you from Bristol Airport to Newcastle, or London to Paris.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">By 2027, the company plans a larger hydrogen-electric engine which would power bigger aircraft. This could carry around 50 passengers and go nearer to 620 miles (1,000 km).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-19w8cxh-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0\" data-component=\"subheadline-block\">\n<h2 id=\"What-are-the-problems\" class=\"ssrcss-y2fd7s-StyledHeading e1fj1fc10\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span role=\"text\">What are the problems?<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">&#8220;Like all technologies, there are challenges,&#8221; smiles Prof Mays.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">&#8220;Making it, transporting it, and storing it.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">The aviation industry needs to build an entirely new infrastructure. Hydrogen production centres, a network to get the fuel to airports, storage at airports, the lot. And hydrogen is very different from conventional kerosene.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">Hydrogen takes up a lot of space. To carry it all manageably, the gas is compressed to 350 or 700 times atmospheric pressure.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">Even then, it takes up more space than kerosene. If you want to transport it as a liquid, you must first chill it to 253 degrees below zero.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">So exactly where to make it, how to move it around and store it are all being examined now by airports and aerospace firms.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">Prof Mays put it like this: &#8220;You can fly using hydrogen as a fuel, but it is not optimised, not super efficient yet, and the infrastructure is not there yet.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-19w8cxh-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0\" data-component=\"subheadline-block\">\n<h2 id=\"Will-airlines-use-hydrogen\" class=\"ssrcss-y2fd7s-StyledHeading e1fj1fc10\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span role=\"text\">Will airlines use hydrogen?<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">The hangar in the Cotswold Airport is small, and far from the big research labs of Airbus, Rolls Royce and Boeing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">But ZeroAvia already has orders for more than 1,500 of its first engine.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">Air Cahana is one, a new Californian airline with\u00a0<a class=\"ssrcss-k17ofw-InlineLink e1no5rhv0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aircahana.com\/index.html\">&#8220;a mission to decarbonise aviation<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-xza2yt-ComponentWrapper ep2nwvo1\" data-component=\"image-block\">\n<figure class=\"ssrcss-4qvfmb-StyledFigure e34k3c23\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21\"><span class=\"ssrcss-1hq4gmv-Placeholder e16icw910\"><picture><source data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/D5AA\/production\/_130389645_488d6b00-eddf-475d-bdd5-07bd3136c75a.jpg.webp 240w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/D5AA\/production\/_130389645_488d6b00-eddf-475d-bdd5-07bd3136c75a.jpg.webp 320w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/D5AA\/production\/_130389645_488d6b00-eddf-475d-bdd5-07bd3136c75a.jpg.webp 480w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/624\/cpsprodpb\/D5AA\/production\/_130389645_488d6b00-eddf-475d-bdd5-07bd3136c75a.jpg.webp 624w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/D5AA\/production\/_130389645_488d6b00-eddf-475d-bdd5-07bd3136c75a.jpg.webp 800w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/D5AA\/production\/_130389645_488d6b00-eddf-475d-bdd5-07bd3136c75a.jpg.webp 976w\" type=\"image\/webp\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ssrcss-evoj7m-Image ee0ct7c0 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/D5AA\/production\/_130389645_488d6b00-eddf-475d-bdd5-07bd3136c75a.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/D5AA\/production\/_130389645_488d6b00-eddf-475d-bdd5-07bd3136c75a.jpg 240w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/D5AA\/production\/_130389645_488d6b00-eddf-475d-bdd5-07bd3136c75a.jpg 320w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/D5AA\/production\/_130389645_488d6b00-eddf-475d-bdd5-07bd3136c75a.jpg 480w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/624\/cpsprodpb\/D5AA\/production\/_130389645_488d6b00-eddf-475d-bdd5-07bd3136c75a.jpg 624w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/D5AA\/production\/_130389645_488d6b00-eddf-475d-bdd5-07bd3136c75a.jpg 800w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/D5AA\/production\/_130389645_488d6b00-eddf-475d-bdd5-07bd3136c75a.jpg 976w\" alt=\"ZeroAvia aircraft in hangar\" width=\"976\" height=\"549\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 976px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 976\/549;\" \/><\/picture><\/span><\/div><figcaption class=\"ssrcss-1mget3o-StyledFigureCaption e34k3c22\"><span class=\"visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0\">Image caption,<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260\">The company has orders for 1,500 of its hydrogen-electric engines<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">Another early customer is closer to home, the environmental entrepreneur Dale Vince, who founded renewable energy firm Ecotricity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">Mr Vince is launching an airline called &#8220;Ecojet&#8221;, which will use the ZeroAvia engines on passenger flights, at first from Edinburgh to Southampton.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">He said: &#8220;The question of how to create sustainable air travel has plagued the green movement for decades.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">&#8220;The desire to travel is deeply etched into the human spirit, and flights free of C02 emissions, powered by renewable energy will allow us to explore our incredible world without harming it for the first time.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-xza2yt-ComponentWrapper ep2nwvo1\" data-component=\"image-block\">\n<figure class=\"ssrcss-4qvfmb-StyledFigure e34k3c23\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21\"><span class=\"ssrcss-1hq4gmv-Placeholder e16icw910\"><picture><source data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/E46E\/production\/_130387485_89e24197-8ea1-47bd-a437-9627f3b3e2a3.jpg.webp 240w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/E46E\/production\/_130387485_89e24197-8ea1-47bd-a437-9627f3b3e2a3.jpg.webp 320w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/E46E\/production\/_130387485_89e24197-8ea1-47bd-a437-9627f3b3e2a3.jpg.webp 480w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/624\/cpsprodpb\/E46E\/production\/_130387485_89e24197-8ea1-47bd-a437-9627f3b3e2a3.jpg.webp 624w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/E46E\/production\/_130387485_89e24197-8ea1-47bd-a437-9627f3b3e2a3.jpg.webp 800w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/E46E\/production\/_130387485_89e24197-8ea1-47bd-a437-9627f3b3e2a3.jpg.webp 976w\" type=\"image\/webp\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ssrcss-evoj7m-Image ee0ct7c0 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/E46E\/production\/_130387485_89e24197-8ea1-47bd-a437-9627f3b3e2a3.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/E46E\/production\/_130387485_89e24197-8ea1-47bd-a437-9627f3b3e2a3.jpg 240w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/E46E\/production\/_130387485_89e24197-8ea1-47bd-a437-9627f3b3e2a3.jpg 320w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/E46E\/production\/_130387485_89e24197-8ea1-47bd-a437-9627f3b3e2a3.jpg 480w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/624\/cpsprodpb\/E46E\/production\/_130387485_89e24197-8ea1-47bd-a437-9627f3b3e2a3.jpg 624w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/E46E\/production\/_130387485_89e24197-8ea1-47bd-a437-9627f3b3e2a3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/E46E\/production\/_130387485_89e24197-8ea1-47bd-a437-9627f3b3e2a3.jpg 976w\" alt=\"Hydrogen powered planes, cgi.\" width=\"976\" height=\"549\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 976px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 976\/549;\" \/><\/picture><\/span><span class=\"ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20\" role=\"text\"><span class=\"visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0\">IMAGE SOURCE,<\/span>AIRBUS<\/span><\/div><figcaption class=\"ssrcss-1mget3o-StyledFigureCaption e34k3c22\"><span class=\"visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0\">Image caption,<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260\">Airbus engineers are working on at least three different concepts of hydrogen-powered planes<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">Bigger aerospace firms are watching the small start-up with interest. Airbus has a huge research programme called ZeroE, which also uses hydrogen. The company is exploring both hydrogen fuel cells to create electricity to power propellers, and using liquid hydrogen directly for combustion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">But Airbus is aiming to have hydrogen-powered planes in the sky by 2035, a full decade later than the small ZeroAvia engines.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">Sergey Kiselev told me that&#8217;s why they decided not to create a completely new aircraft, but instead just change the engine on an existing plane.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">He said: &#8220;It helps us eliminate all the complexity with the certification of the aircraft, we can focus only on the engine. So we can get the aircraft up into the air in commercial operations, much faster.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">The company has made its pledge. It now has at least two big challenges.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">One is to make its engine safe, certified, and ready to use by 2025.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">They are well on their way to that one.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00\">The other, harder, challenge, will be making sure there is some fresh new hydrogen waiting for the aircraft when it lands at the other end.<\/p>\n<p>source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-england-bristol-66205965\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-england-bristol-66205965<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aviation news international- An aviation company plans to run commercial flights using an electric engine that creates no carbon emissions by 2025. ZeroAvia has flown nine test flights with its hydrogen-electric engine at Cotswold Airport, near Cirencester. The only emission created by the engine is water. Sergey Kiselev, Vice-President of ZeroAvia, said the engine would &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7393,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":false,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"","_twitter_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type":"","_pinterest_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"","_medium_share_type":"","_threads_share_type":"","_google_business_share_type":"","_selected_social_profile":[],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":false,"datetime":null,"platforms":[],"status":"template_only","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[102,88],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7392","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-featured-en","category-flights"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Carbon-free flights promised &#039;within two years&#039; - aviation news<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aviation-news.info\/?p=7392\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Carbon-free flights promised &#039;within two years&#039;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Aviation news international- An aviation company plans to run commercial flights using an electric engine that creates no carbon emissions by 2025. ZeroAvia has flown nine test flights with its hydrogen-electric engine at Cotswold Airport, near Cirencester. The only emission created by the engine is water. 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