{"id":7754,"date":"2023-08-14T10:27:02","date_gmt":"2023-08-14T10:27:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aviation-news.info\/?p=7754"},"modified":"2023-08-14T10:27:02","modified_gmt":"2023-08-14T10:27:02","slug":"partition-the-untold-story-of-the-role-of-aeroplanes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aviation-news.info\/?p=7754","title":{"rendered":"Partition: The untold story of the role of aeroplanes"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10\"><b class=\"ssrcss-hmf8ql-BoldText e5tfeyi3\">Aviation news international &#8211; In his 1974 novel Tamas (Darkness), a vivid portrayal of the bloody partition of India, author Bhisham Sahni vividly depicts the atmosphere changing in a violence-wracked village as a plane circles above it thrice.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10\">&#8220;People ventured out. The fighting seemed to have stopped and dead bodies were being disposed. People went back to their houses to assess their losses in terms of clothes and armaments.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10\">Sahni wrote a fictional account of the carnage that accompanied the partition as it split the subcontinent into the new independent nations of India and Pakistan. Religious violence erupted, displacing some 12 million people, and claiming the lives of up to one million people.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10\">Fiction might have been mirroring reality when the planes swooped over the troubled villages, suggests Aashique Ahmed Iqbal, an Indian historian.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"unordered-list-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-1o5f7ft-BulletListContainer e5tfeyi0\">\n<ul role=\"list\">\n<li><a class=\"ssrcss-k17ofw-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-asia-india-40749476\">The friendship that survived the division of a nation<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10\">The mere presence of the aircraft, he says, had a deterrent effect, dispersing mobs and giving villages time to prepare their defences. &#8220;The aeroplane played a small, but highly crucial role during the division of the British empire in India into the independent dominions of India and Pakistan,&#8221; notes Mr Iqbal in his fascinating book, The Aeroplane and the Making of Modern India.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10\">Of the 12 million people who fled from India and Pakistan, the overwhelming majority travelled by train, vehicle, cart and on foot. Up to 50,000 people &#8211; or less than 1% of the people evacuated &#8211; were flown out of what became India and Pakistan, Mr Iqbal says. A near-complete exchange of population was completed in three months, between September and November in 1947.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"piano-inline1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-xza2yt-ComponentWrapper ep2nwvo1\" data-component=\"image-block\">\n<figure class=\"ssrcss-4qvfmb-StyledFigure e34k3c23\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21\"><span class=\"ssrcss-1hq4gmv-Placeholder etlorgc0\"><picture><source data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/15A2E\/production\/_130722688_gettyimages-1360179719-594x594.jpg.webp 240w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/15A2E\/production\/_130722688_gettyimages-1360179719-594x594.jpg.webp 320w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/15A2E\/production\/_130722688_gettyimages-1360179719-594x594.jpg.webp 480w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/624\/cpsprodpb\/15A2E\/production\/_130722688_gettyimages-1360179719-594x594.jpg.webp 624w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/15A2E\/production\/_130722688_gettyimages-1360179719-594x594.jpg.webp 800w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/15A2E\/production\/_130722688_gettyimages-1360179719-594x594.jpg.webp 976w\" type=\"image\/webp\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ssrcss-evoj7m-Image edrdn950 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/15A2E\/production\/_130722688_gettyimages-1360179719-594x594.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/15A2E\/production\/_130722688_gettyimages-1360179719-594x594.jpg 240w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/15A2E\/production\/_130722688_gettyimages-1360179719-594x594.jpg 320w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/15A2E\/production\/_130722688_gettyimages-1360179719-594x594.jpg 480w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/624\/cpsprodpb\/15A2E\/production\/_130722688_gettyimages-1360179719-594x594.jpg 624w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/15A2E\/production\/_130722688_gettyimages-1360179719-594x594.jpg 800w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/15A2E\/production\/_130722688_gettyimages-1360179719-594x594.jpg 976w\" alt=\"Muslim refugees fleeing India for Pakistan crowd train engine, 1947. Gelatin silver photograph shows Muslim refugees fleeing India for Pakistan.\" width=\"976\" height=\"549\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 976px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 976\/549;\" \/><\/picture><\/span><span class=\"ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20\" role=\"text\"><span class=\"visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0\">IMAGE SOURCE,<\/span>GETTY IMAGES<\/span><\/div><figcaption class=\"ssrcss-1mget3o-StyledFigureCaption e34k3c22\"><span class=\"visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0\">Image caption,<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260\">Planes flew over railway tracks to safeguard refugee-laden trains from potential mob ambushes<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10\">The Royal Indian Air Force (RIAF) &#8211; the aerial force of British India and later the dominion of India &#8211; would play a key role in quelling disorder and help in evacuating partition refugees, notes Mr Iqbal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10\">Every morning, their aircraft embarked on tactical reconnaissance missions, flying over railway tracks to safeguard refugee-laden trains from potential mob ambushes, and checking the rails for any signs of tampering. The planes would also look out for armed mobs and communicate with trains using wireless radio.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10\">In September 1947, aircraft flying over Punjab reported a startling sight: up to 30,000 refugees trekking on foot along a 25-mile (40-km) stretch, as recounted by Mr Iqbal. These planes detected lurking mobs poised to attack weary refugees, relaying their locations to military patrols. They witnessed ominous columns of smoke rising from incinerated villages. &#8220;If you flew low,&#8221; Mr Iqbal writes, &#8220;you would spot bodies floating through Punjab&#8217;s famous canal system.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"unordered-list-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-1o5f7ft-BulletListContainer e5tfeyi0\">\n<ul role=\"list\">\n<li><a class=\"ssrcss-k17ofw-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-asia-india-39362534\">How a jacket and a briefcase shaped a partition love story<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10\">That was not all. RIAF planes &#8211; mostly trusty Dakotas &#8211; transported 1.5 million doses of cholera vaccines from Delhi to Karachi to help prevent an epidemic in the unsanitary refugee camps. They also dropped cooked food, sugar and oil for refugees. Both India and Pakistan used planes to drop leaflets warning rioters to cease violence, Mr Iqbal writes. The RIAF also ended up evacuating non-Muslims from distant parts of Pakistan like Multan, Bannu and Peshawar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10\">In scenes reminiscent of the\u00a0<a class=\"ssrcss-k17ofw-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-58286000\">desperate Afghans who attempted to flee their country<\/a>\u00a0by running alongside and clinging to military jets at Kabul airport in August 2021, the airfields of Delhi and Punjab in 1947 also witnessed moments of &#8220;great danger and desperation&#8221;.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-xza2yt-ComponentWrapper ep2nwvo1\" data-component=\"image-block\">\n<figure class=\"ssrcss-4qvfmb-StyledFigure e34k3c23\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21\"><span class=\"ssrcss-1hq4gmv-Placeholder etlorgc0\"><picture><source data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/1339E\/production\/_130205787_gettyimages-467364843-594x594.jpg.webp 240w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/1339E\/production\/_130205787_gettyimages-467364843-594x594.jpg.webp 320w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/1339E\/production\/_130205787_gettyimages-467364843-594x594.jpg.webp 480w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/624\/cpsprodpb\/1339E\/production\/_130205787_gettyimages-467364843-594x594.jpg.webp 624w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/1339E\/production\/_130205787_gettyimages-467364843-594x594.jpg.webp 800w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/1339E\/production\/_130205787_gettyimages-467364843-594x594.jpg.webp 976w\" type=\"image\/webp\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ssrcss-evoj7m-Image edrdn950 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/1339E\/production\/_130205787_gettyimages-467364843-594x594.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/1339E\/production\/_130205787_gettyimages-467364843-594x594.jpg 240w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/1339E\/production\/_130205787_gettyimages-467364843-594x594.jpg 320w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/1339E\/production\/_130205787_gettyimages-467364843-594x594.jpg 480w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/624\/cpsprodpb\/1339E\/production\/_130205787_gettyimages-467364843-594x594.jpg 624w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/1339E\/production\/_130205787_gettyimages-467364843-594x594.jpg 800w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/1339E\/production\/_130205787_gettyimages-467364843-594x594.jpg 976w\" alt=\"A soldier speaks with local officers at the U.S. Air Force Base in Arga, India.\" width=\"976\" height=\"549\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 976px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 976\/549;\" \/><\/picture><\/span><span class=\"ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20\" role=\"text\"><span class=\"visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0\">IMAGE SOURCE,<\/span>MICHAEL OCHS ARCHIVES<\/span><\/div><figcaption class=\"ssrcss-1mget3o-StyledFigureCaption e34k3c22\"><span class=\"visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0\">Image caption,<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260\">Indian companies bought cheap aircraft left behind by the US forces after the end of World War Two<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10\">&#8220;Refugees in camps near the airfields would rush to the planes as soon as they were permitted. Passengers desperate to be flown out of danger bribed crew with money and gold to board the plane,&#8221; Mr Iqbal writes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"piano-inline2\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10\">Tickets were expensive. Passengers were allowed to carry very little luggage: there are accounts of a refugee from Hyderabad in India carrying only her Quran to Pakistan; and others carrying a &#8220;battered child&#8217;s cane chair&#8221; and a &#8220;moth-eaten-looking parrot&#8221;.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10\">Not surprisingly, the planes were packed to the gills. Seats and carpets were removed to accommodate as many refugees as possible. Dakota DC-3 planes meant to carry 21 passengers often carried five times the number.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"unordered-list-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-1o5f7ft-BulletListContainer e5tfeyi0\">\n<ul role=\"list\">\n<li><a class=\"ssrcss-k17ofw-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-south-asia-62467438\">Why was British India partitioned 75 years ago?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10\">A private airline technician was given a pair of knuckle-dusters by his pilot to control the crowds. &#8220;He would punch his way to the door collecting undercarriage pins and punch his way into the plane before firmly locking in,&#8221; Mr Iqbal writes. Once the doors closed, the engines would start. &#8220;Then the crowd would automatically vanish due to the slip stream of the engines.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10\">That no major crashes were reported because of the overcrowding, lax airport security and overworked planes was remarkable. &#8220;Refugees often crowded airfields before planes landed because of lack of security. Matters were not helped by hostility of the authorities to air crews of the &#8216;other&#8217; country,&#8221; writes Mr Iqbal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-xza2yt-ComponentWrapper ep2nwvo1\" data-component=\"image-block\">\n<figure class=\"ssrcss-4qvfmb-StyledFigure e34k3c23\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21\"><span class=\"ssrcss-tm19a7-Placeholder etlorgc0\"><picture><source data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/8874\/production\/_130723943_mediaitem130723942.jpg.webp 240w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/8874\/production\/_130723943_mediaitem130723942.jpg.webp 320w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/8874\/production\/_130723943_mediaitem130723942.jpg.webp 480w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/624\/cpsprodpb\/8874\/production\/_130723943_mediaitem130723942.jpg.webp 624w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/8874\/production\/_130723943_mediaitem130723942.jpg.webp 800w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/8874\/production\/_130723943_mediaitem130723942.jpg.webp 976w\" type=\"image\/webp\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ssrcss-evoj7m-Image edrdn950 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/8874\/production\/_130723943_mediaitem130723942.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/8874\/production\/_130723943_mediaitem130723942.jpg 240w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/8874\/production\/_130723943_mediaitem130723942.jpg 320w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/8874\/production\/_130723943_mediaitem130723942.jpg 480w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/624\/cpsprodpb\/8874\/production\/_130723943_mediaitem130723942.jpg 624w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/8874\/production\/_130723943_mediaitem130723942.jpg 800w, https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/976\/cpsprodpb\/8874\/production\/_130723943_mediaitem130723942.jpg 976w\" alt=\"In September, 1947, Muslims gather as they as they seek protected transport to Pakistan (\" width=\"976\" height=\"650\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 976px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 976\/650;\" \/><\/picture><\/span><span class=\"ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20\" role=\"text\"><span class=\"visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0\">IMAGE SOURCE,<\/span>GETTY IMAGES<\/span><\/div><figcaption class=\"ssrcss-1mget3o-StyledFigureCaption e34k3c22\"><span class=\"visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0\">Image caption,<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260\">Muslim refugees gather in India to seek transport to Pakistan<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10\">By early 1947, India had 115 civilian airplanes run by 11 private companies. The end of World War II had sparked an &#8220;unprecedented boom&#8221; for civil aviation as Indian companies bought cheap aircraft &#8211; mostly Douglas DC-3 Dakotas &#8211; left behind by the departing US forces. But there was a glut in supply and not enough demand and profits plummeted. During partition, civilian planes not flying on scheduled routes were diverted to ferry refugees from Pakistan to India; and 10 of these planes were made available for the government.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10\">But civilian airline operators were not able to cope with the mass evacuation. They also refused to risk aircraft and personnel for this &#8220;impossible task&#8221;. Eventually foreign help was sought: 21 British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) planes flew &#8220;non-stop&#8221; for 15 days to move 6,300 people from Delhi to Karachi. They also carried 45,000kg of food, tents and vaccines for Muslim refugees stranded at Delhi airfields.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"piano-inline3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"unordered-list-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-1o5f7ft-BulletListContainer e5tfeyi0\">\n<ul role=\"list\">\n<li><a class=\"ssrcss-k17ofw-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-asia-40643413\">Partition 70 years on: The turmoil, trauma &#8211; and legacy<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"piano-inline3\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10\">Two Royal Air Force transport aircraft deployed to evacuate British nationals were also used to evacuate some 12,000 people between India and Pakistan. Only 2,790 were British personnel; the rest would be railways, post, and telegraph employees who would play a key role in the exchange of population on the ground, writes Mr Iqbal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10\">By October 1947, India realised this effort was still not enough. This was when &#8216;Operation India&#8217; was launched: over six weeks in October and November, 21 planes &#8211; mainly Dakotas chartered from eight British companies &#8211; transported 35,000 people and more than 1.5 million pounds of baggage between India and Pakistan. Some 170 aviation personnel were flown in from Britain to help.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10\">Indian aviation companies were overwhelmed by the magnitude of evacuation, so both the governments had to rely on chartered British aircraft. And the use of planes, says Mr Iqbal, &#8220;enabled the rapid constitution of independent India in the crucial first months after Independence&#8221;.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ssrcss-11r1m41-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0\" data-component=\"text-block\">\n<div class=\"ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1\">\n<p class=\"ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10\"><i class=\"ssrcss-xbdn93-ItalicText e5tfeyi2\">BBC News India is now on YouTube. Click\u00a0<\/i><a class=\"ssrcss-k17ofw-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@bbcnewsindia\">here<\/a><i class=\"ssrcss-xbdn93-ItalicText e5tfeyi2\">\u00a0to subscribe and watch our documentaries, explainers and features.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>source:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-india-66018688\"> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-india-66018688<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aviation news international &#8211; In his 1974 novel Tamas (Darkness), a vivid portrayal of the bloody partition of India, author Bhisham Sahni vividly depicts the atmosphere changing in a violence-wracked village as a plane circles above it thrice. &#8220;People ventured out. The fighting seemed to have stopped and dead bodies were being disposed. People went &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7755,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":false,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"","_twitter_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type":"","_pinterest_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"","_medium_share_type":"","_threads_share_type":"","_google_business_share_type":"","_selected_social_profile":[],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":false,"datetime":null,"platforms":[],"status":"template_only","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[96,102],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7754","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aviation-world","category-featured-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.6 (Yoast SEO v27.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Partition: The untold story of the role of aeroplanes - aviation news<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aviation-news.info\/?p=7754\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Partition: The untold story of the role of aeroplanes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Aviation news international &#8211; In his 1974 novel Tamas (Darkness), a vivid portrayal of the bloody partition of India, author Bhisham Sahni vividly depicts the atmosphere changing in a violence-wracked village as a plane circles above it thrice. &#8220;People ventured out. 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